The sleep

A battalion of hundreds of people came with drums and started to beat without following any rhythm the sound was a massacre of noises. Every body fled from the area with the bang of sound. But it did not work although it had been running for a whole day. On the next morning another one hundred of trumpet players add to the drum troop. People of the surrounding villages fled away of the sound which continued for the whole day. But people had to quit at the end of day and get ready to do the same for next day. On the next day the elephants were added with the troop for pulling with noises. Now people of 80 villages fled from their houses due to the blasting sound and after 40 days of try at last KUMVHKARN awake from his sleep. KUMBHKARAN was the brother of RAVAN in the great epic of RMAYAN. He was among the great fighter of RAVAN’s troop. But problem is that he used to sleep very deep. So when ever he is needed for service for his country, the deep sleep needed to break as above way. Now a day people have the morality. People have humanity too. But all of them became KUMBHKARN. I think we need some drums to bang on sounds to awake it. Wake up KUMHKARAN! Wake up!! Wake Up!!! Wake up!!!!! Sahriar Ahamed, sahriarahamed@yahoo.com, cell: +01834529357

view

Many times ago we had the thought in our mind when the man kind was starting to begin. People used to feel about anything which was possible to exist. In the 2nd step they started trying to think of it. Then they used their body organs as hands mostly for work. This was the time when it was started forming the civilization. The civilization forming and up-grading was made by some genius and man with personalities. When we were kids we used to study verities of comics and novel. The modern technology revolution in information technology had occurred during our life cycle period. The comics and novel we used to see and read in books as written and drawing formats gets the life. They became cartoons and animation films and start moving in-front of our eyes. The almighty and creator was in our mind and thought from the very beginning of civilization. Many nations had seen the proof of it and became witness of the truth. Then after sometimes we saw it in written format as the holy books in-front of us. What will happen in next??? Weather there is possible to see Almighty to move and live in-front of us??? I can’t resist myself of doing that now.

The best knowledge of all knowledge

People are sent in the world to do. Hypothetically we may find that the whole life long they have to do some certain things those they are assigned from heaven. For doing things they are given some knowledge since they are born. Some people are knowledgeable to design formats and shapes. Some are very good in calculation. Some can build anything in logical way. Each and every people are knowledgeable in some ways. One day I asked to wise man “What is the best knowledge in this world?” It was a mid day of summer by the side of river. Wise man was fishing and smoking under his long corniced cowboy hat. He looked at me, the sight of his deep set eyes stuck at me as if someone threw me a cold stone on my face. I did not show a reaction of it and asking for answer of my question. After few seconds he looked again at river and said” General knowledge or the common sense is the best knowledge in the world. Those who have it can learn and apply anything in few minutes even without reading or studying”. I was not sure about it but felt he was true.

A festival in Delhi

Today I like to express the fun and joy I had been done with my friends in Delhi on the day of “HOLY” 1995. On the day before holy I had to take permission of my father for staying in friend’s house for next couple of days. My father remains stayed in the hotel near old Delhi railway station. We all our friends went to nearby market of Amar Colony. There we had sweets and tea from a restaurant named “JUNEJA” then we bought some pump type machines by which it is possible to fill water and spray, with it lots of balloons. It was a style to smoke among us thus I had to buy some packets of cigarettes though I had tested several brands and lastly strict to the brand “Wills”- navy cut. I offered to everyone cigarettes they just flattered of my mannerism. On the way home; in front of main gate we met Ms Diana and her mother. She used to live on the 2nd floor of the building. They were the citizens of Afghanistan and were living Delhi as the war convicted citizens abide by law of India. When her mother was saying about some incidences with water supply of building to our friends I was wondering about Ms Diana” Did I saw a beautiful lady ever in my life as her either in television or in cinema or in practical life!?” Suddenly the conversation had over and we said bye each other but I got shot when Ms. Diana gave me a smile hiding every one when she left. The night of “Holy” became more colorful to me with just one smile. We sang songs, we laughed, we gossip, we played cards, we cooked food here is mentionable one thing that I became an expert of cooking special “Khicuri” a renowned Bangladeshi food after some days in Delhi. We filed up the balloons with color mixed water. We forgot to sleep and any other things on the night. In the morning we got out of home with huge packets filled with the balloons of water and dry colors in hand and for next two/ three hours we rubbed on people face and body with the colors and they also did same to us. I enjoyed when the girls came to give us colors mostly. We got back home by 12 o’clock in the noon. After returning home we saw Mr. Zakir had arranged some milk shake with the mixture of “VANG” which was a traditional local drink on this festival day. I had no early experiences about this. I just took two mug filled of milk shake which tested fantastic with nuts and flavor of banana, vang and sugar. After I finished Mr. Zakir said, “Anything are you feeling?” I said “no, nothing that can be mention able but milk shake was very testy?” He observed my face from close and said, ”OK, if you need you can have some more from the kitchen”. I gave a large smile and take a chair in balcony and observing people on the street. After a few minutes Fima came from her hostel and bought us Ice-cream. I took two of them and lighted up a Wills navy cut. Suddenly something happened to me, everything became slow around me. I took a look at all others who were seating beside me. It seems I am watching a slow motion picture. Their mouth was moving very slow when they were talking. The words were coming very slow in my ear. I thought,”I didn’t sleep last night”. I stood up and came inside room and turn on the television. After a long time I realize I am not watching Tv. I thought” what is going on. Why I am getting absent minded?” Then I went room where a music system was running on. I lay on the mattress and trying to listen what was the music about. I just realized only the base guitar was sounding too high. I got bore of the way of playing guitar because I felt that the musician was playing it very slow. Then I saw my friend Zulkar 9 came in the room for taking his towel for bathing. The way he came in the room, look at me, took the towel were felt very funny to me. All seems a slow motion movie in front of my eyes as if comic character was playing its role live with greatest skill. It just triggered something in me and I burst in to laugh. These sequences were repeating in my brain again and again, I just could not able to resist myself stop laughing. I forgot everything and continuing laughing. I didn’t even realized when zulkar 9 came and lay beside me. After sometimes I heard to say him, “Some body please put a shoe in his mouth. How come a man can laugh without any reason? He is horrible”. I burst in to laugh again after hearing it. The thought came in my mind “Shoe!!! Why shoe? Why not any other thing? It’s very funny” after that I could not able to remember anything. When woke up next morning I saw Mr. Zakir’s face was hanging on my eyes and asking to get up from bed because we were scheduled to Aligarah for a tour at the “University of Aligarh”. I said,” Is it morning?” He said, “Yes dear it is morning and what an experience we had last day after having the Vang”. I asked him,” Did I do anything wrong?” He said, ”You laughed all day without any interval and you went to sleep after 10 PM in the night”. I just felt relief and thought, “Thank God. I didn’t harm anyone” and went to fresh room; prepared myself ready for Aligarh. - Sahriar Ahamed, sahriarahamed@yahoo.com Cell # 01834529357

My story – Part -2

While we were heading for Delhi, capital of India we met a guy named Zakir. He proved himself very smart and potential on the eve of introduction part. Actually I am with my father and one of my friends named Rana(We use to call him Tall) were heading for Delhi for university admission of achieving our life’s most vital graduate degree purpose. Although I never felt any urge to achieve the certificates and all; but never mind to have one in case when it comes the issue of abstract values as honor, experience, visit and prestige etc. After reaching Delh in night; three of us stayed in a hotel,”Hotel Tajmahal” near old Delhi, railway station. This area and surroundings are known as old Delhi. Here was the similarity between capital of Bangladesh and capital of India; both possess a new and old format. The winter was near to an end; the nature was taking the preparation of the beginning of new season in the month of March 1995. We met Mr. Zakir at railway department tickets issuing authority in Calcutta named Fairly Palace. This department is the ticket issuing authority of railway India for visitors and tourists who hold passport and like to make a journey by train. We went there to buy t the ticket for Delhi. As it was a very rush and on season for tourisms we were not getting the tickets on the date when we wanted and there was no chance to get any very soon. Many of the tourists with us were getting very disappointed with the fact. Mr. Zakir was in same problems. He had three more persons with him. He decided to approach through back door by bribing the issuing officer and we agreed it though my father had a doubt to get the ticket. Mr. Zakir took me with him and wrote a date, time, name of the train and the word “Extra RS 200 for each ticket” and sat in queue again, and when our terms came we had shown our passport and the piece of paper. The issuing officer saw the writings and replied,” It’s very difficult, all quota is filled” Then Mr. Zakir took the paper from the officer and wrote “Rs 300 for each ticket” and pass it to the officer and asked please try this date. The issuing officer looked at the writings and after 5minutes we came with tickets with a victorious smile on our face. Actually staying in Calcutta would have been cost us Rs 1000 each day on this ground the deal became profitable to us. My father got impressed with Mr. Zakir’s capability which helped him to become us a valued customer of him. Actually he used to work as a service agent for admission at university of Delhi for foreign students. The next morning after we had reached Delhi; Mr. Zakir came visit us and took me and Rana with him to our friends who are already in University of Delhi and staying in Lajpatnagar-IV, Amar Colony. There we met Shafiqul Islam- Tupu,(Now- He is a pilot of Emirates) Kazi Zulka naian summon, Mahabub Sumon(Now Journalist on line magazine of BD News24.com) his father is Mahbubul Alam (Attorney General Bangladesh Government) Shah Arif Bin Habib (Now in charge- Business Development; in a Large Group of Industries in Bangladesh) Shaon – not sure what he is doing, Fima- Commercial models and actress in TV and media. It was very nice meeting them. The desire became more to get the admission in University of Delhi after meeting them. In the evening we met two more guys who seem very peculiar to us. One of them was making himself cool by a fan in the winter evening. The fan was set with his wrist watch. After a while he put off the fan by touching a switch in his shirts button and shock hand by giving me a large smile enjoying my surprise and said,” hello I am Saki. You can call me Poppy also.” Another guy was Titas who used to live in Mirpur Dhaka. In course of time Saki, Shah Arif Bin Habib, Mahabub Sumon, Shaon, Fima became very good friends of mine and still the day too. Shafiqul Islam (TUPU) and Zulkar 9 summon were my school friends. I miss you all, guys. I like to confess at this stage that all of you were very fantastic. We had a very good time on the eve of our pre-admission get-together meeting occasion and I was fortunate that next day was a great festival for people of India which they say “HOLY”. Indians use to colors each other and celebrate the occasion by having fun with a local drink name “Vang”, dances and songs. Me and Rana stayed at their home and became a part of the festival by doing some activities of the festival. The whole night we were putting together the balloons filled with colored water, snacks from nearby MacDonald’s fast food, jokes, movies and meeting with some local guys who were also the students of University of Delhi but the funniest thing had happened on the next day after noon. May be I should disclose it later on due to some reasons. Sahriar Ahamed. sahriarahamed@yahoo.com.

About me - part 1

I was born in my grandmother’s house. It was located in a village named Johor pur,Khajurah,Jessore. It was a normal delivery of my mother. Although she used to live with my father in the town named “Khulna” but due to a social tradition of the time, my mother used to go my grandmother’s home when she had become pregnant. This is the 2nd time she came to give birth of a child. Before I born, my mother saw in her dream that two very good shaped and healthy men with long sticks in their hands chasing her to snatched her necklace. Holding the necklace in both hands she ran away and arrived some where it’s safe. After the following day she slipped and fell down from the stairs of my grandmother’s room but due to luck the mother and child remain harmless. After the incidences the pain of delivery caught my mother. She cried out of pain and the nature cried out with her too. In gusty wind, thunderstorm and heavy rain I came in the world in the mid day of a great Friday. My grandfather came home after the special prayer of Muslims of holy Friday and uttered the name of Almighty Allah in my ear. Everybody was astonished after watching me because of my complexion and shape. I am Sahriar Ahamed(SOHAG) the second son of Mr. Raffique Uddin Ahamed and Begom Roshon Ara open my eyes in the world of almighty the great to witness the incidences and facts those are happening and not happening around my sight of eyes and beyond of eye sights. My child hood is full of sweet memories with relatives, friends and places. Particularly with my grandparents place and I got admitted my first school in play group near my house in Khulna. The name of school was “School of Music”. This was a co-education school. Somehow I caught into quarrel with girls. It was a fact that I used to return home almost every day beaten very brutally by a girl mostly. My mother had to tolerate lots of harassments due to this. Sometimes it happened that she had to go complaining to the guardian of the girl who was responsible for the guilt. Although the females were very cruel to me but this was the time when I fall in love first time. She was my class friend. We both use to read in Play Group 2nd standard. My younger brother and a friend (both are Major in Bangladesh Army now) were my accompanies during the time of dating. I used to see this as the example of war and peace at the same time. Female were cruel to me and they were loveable at the same time. Without having a chance to set-up any more examples; I left the school when I was in 2nd standard. I got myself discover admitted in a Pre-Cadet school in class three. That was a co-education school too. In this school I applied the learning from my previous fault. This time I became very gentle boy particularly towards the girls and started to make friend ship with them. It was harmony and peace everywhere which I used to say synchronization. Mother was not getting any complaint or any tension because of mine. To impress the girls I studied very hard and stood second among eighty five students. A girl became first. That was the second time I felt lovely towards a girl in myself again. In the year 1985 December when I passed the 5th standard and before discovering any more relational, hypothetical feelings and experience I had to leave pre cadet school. As a wish of my father I got admit of myself in well reputed Saint Joseph’s High School in the year 1986 and I was a very shy guy of Saint Joseph’s High School of the batch 1991, Khulna Bangladesh. As it was boy’s school only; I had grown up my view “No woman no cry” and I did well until I pass high school. May be this is the reason till to the current year 2013 my academic qualification stood as, I did commerce graduation twice, I have done post graduation degree twice in management and marketing and a professional course from University of Dhaka. Although I wanted to do CS, a professional course from Delhi, capital of INDIA; but it could not be possible due to a calamity of fate. I had to come back from Delhi unfinished, as my father got in to a terrible road mishap and all his business got fallen down as he could not able to manage after the accident. I did not lose my hope. I started my profession in Dhaka from 2003 in an internet company that was a concern of Partex Group. After that I switched to a software company that was a Star Group concern. Then I worked a VAS company that was actually an USA investment firm. I learnt the practical business of N>D>P>S system in IT and technology. Then I got a chance to work in solar and renewable company. I took a professional training on Solar and Renewable Energy products application course from solar division of Dhaka University. The company had an investment net 77 lacs taka only with 5 partners. Company name was Xenergeia International Ltd. Dhaka, Mirpur-2 e office. Company chairman told me on the first day,” please do something for the company I know you have capability if you try you can do it”. I realized that the partners are very anxious of the future of company. Actually company was in very weak position when I joined there. I did not get anxious. Slowly I started my job and until March 2012 the company got an image in terms of branding and business. Several investors get interested to invest with company. My management got pleased with me and increased my salary. And told me to negotiate with the investors and make us profitable and see the good of company too. Last of all the most profitable offer was 2.25 croer from BENGAL GROUP(Bengal Plastic)A large group of industry in Bangladesh seems well enough and management decided to sell the company if they get hard cash and why not other than investment and interest on investment net profit was 1.25 croer. The conditions were full filled by Bengal Group. I had to go through a very hard time. The business running condition I have to make the total transfer job. It took a year to set up company in to new form in new head office. I was dreaming to get an award for that. And lastly I got it. Before some days ago I was forced to give resignation. They said “Kaj sesh go to hell”. But my achievements did not stop here too. Personally I have written and sold an e-book on “solar and renewable energy the future resources of electricity” This book had been published from an Australian company and available worldwide @ $ 10 USD each. You may find this book in the URL: http://abpublishinghouse.com/store/solar-and-renewable-energythe-future-resources-of-power-and-ele-p-207.html?cPath=18 And I maintain a blog : http://www.need-want-desire.blogspot.com/ Now I am trying to do a thesis on business development and have a PHD on it. By virtue of Almighty I wish and pry that I can complete the thesis and also can able to write a book on Business Development Management very soon and hoping that people can see business development in a formulated way. This is a short description and portfolio of mine. I wish to disclose my every part of life which is full of interesting incidences, facts and characters. Every memorable character is a beauty and genius in their own place. Please stay with me. Who knows may be a beautiful life and mind can be visible to you also.

A journey through profession in Dhaka

When I have joined my first job in Dhaka at a large group of Industries; my administrator asked me how I was feeling. I gave a reply and a short conversation took places between us. After the session over; he gave his opinion and said,”you are very bookish”. I gave him a smile and told him;”Thank you; I am taking your opinion as compliment and another thanks for not telling me selfish other than bookish”. He was true because somehow I try to follow and match the situation around me with verity of incidences, I read as story and situations with books mostly. When I was child I had to remember some lines of a poem written in Bengali; it was,”Grontho goto bidda r poro hoste dhon; nohe bidda nohe dhon hole proiojon”. This means the education I learnt from book is not an education until it proves potential when required; same happens with money too; when it is someone else’s hand. Briefly we can say education is valueless when it remains in book only and money which is mine but that is not in my hand; was never been my money when I required. But I learnt one more thing from this one sentence poem. We should learn education in this way to relate one with another thing i.e. education and money separate particles and separate incidences. In this way learning’s gets very easy for common people and I learnt another thing that is education and money is very important and value able in life. It has a need in society; though religion always avoided money thinking as mother of all evil. There are many thoughts are given by many about money and wealth. What I think if money is not required then why the almighty send it to society? Almighty sends the human and also sends whatever they required. Everything is very temporary in this world. Nothing last forever even the sun, the moon, the civilizations, the rules nor the religion. Only the almighty will remain forever and ever after. I found once again how the money played as evil in this large group of industries and how the relations are influenced by this evil power. Somehow a negligence and hate towards the evils came in my mind. Although I had a very good opportunity over there yet I left the job with an upset in my heart. I made myself understood let do the sacrifice and let the hungry people satisfy their hunger let’s see until how long they take to satisfy their hunger; although I gave emphasis of finding out my weakness from past experience and tried to make it up in current job. Hence I ripped the result within the next 6 months. After leaving the large group of industries I got a job in an IT & internet technology application firm who use to give service of internet to customers. My job was to sale customers the connections of internet. My manger use to encourage us of telling his previous life and make a competitive manner and environment by telling his scoring rate often. He sold 6 connections in a day with only one assistant with him.”It’s just a desire” he often mentioned us. If we have it we can do it too; although our target was monthly 12 connections only; 1in 2 days was enough. Often I used to say myself this is a very easy job and I can do it. In the morning by 8 AM I used to leave house. After reaching office; giving the report to my reporting manger was 1st duty, then the meeting for updates and work procedures. After accomplishing it we had to leave office for door to door marketing. I had a particular area for me. Most of my colleagues used to visit the old town whereas I used to go the opposite direction. I visited the Gulshan and Banani side often which was under new town. They used to visit in groups and I use to visit alone. There was another benefit of it. I could able to do tuition after my job is done. By 5PM in the evening I started. This was the reason my earning was the maximum after a month in my office among all of my co-colleagues. There were 8 in my team. My manager observed me for 3 months and then he allowed me some particular benefits like using the PC and internet connections of office which was restricted only for the authority only as a result the day came and I got the result of my work by breaking all the records of selling in the history of my company. I sold 9(nine) connections in a day all alone not only in terms of quantity but in money also. I love the number “9” because in the holy Quran Allah has 99 names. God Bishnu came in the world to save humanity 9 times as human and 9 times as animal in Hindu Ism. Life is really a gift I got understand it again.

The Tragic Hero BABU

STORY OF A TRAGEDY HERO “BABU” BABU- saved almost 90 people from tragic “RANAPLAZA” incidence in Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh, and Died of psychological disorder today. On the day tragedy occurred; In the morning when Babu got up from bed was not feeling very well. Last night he could not able to sleep well. A nightmare was hunting him very badly. He saw he was running from a fire for saving his life. It was so hurting that it became difficult to forget. He is from a village in Bangladesh of a very poor financial back ground. He came to Dhaka for finding out his livelihood. Although he could able to get a job; from his earning he could barely mange his daily life. Still from that income he conducted his sister marriage last year but his brother in law demands more money from poor Babu. But from where he can give more money? He has to marry himself yet. He came with a dream that there will be no poverty, no night mare, ,no tear in sister’s eyes but suddenly in one morning he rise up from sleep with the night mare. After getting fresh he went for job and feeling very clumsy in his office building. After few minutes his employer asked him to go market and buy some yards of clothe necessary for work. He went market and bought clothe and return after 3 hours. When he was near to his office building he found nothing. His office building is gone. The wrecks and parts of broken buildings are surrounded in the area here and there. Besides standing near the destruction many people are watching what is happening inside. The shouting and cries for help were coming out side from the building. He rushed in to the building with no loss of time. He has got the torch of a NOKIA-1100 model mobile phone set with him. He saved 30 peoples life on the day. Over all he saved almost 90 injured people to come out from the destroyed building. Alas! He became very weak and sick to do so. Today the hero Babu died of psychological disorder. What else can we do without mourns and cry for life of the hero? Alas Bangladesh lost a hero. My regrets to his life and proud for the humanity he could able to show this world. Salute to you BABU. Salute to Humanity. Written by Sahriar Ahamed sahriarahamed@yahoo.com Cell: +01834529357 35/E, 2/1, shah ali bagh, Mirpur-1, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The 2’s

The world is balanced. Often we hear and listen to this sayings even we read many where in books as well in the holy books from heaven too. The world is balanced with what? Once I asked to wise man. His reply made me more curious to know the answer. Wiseman replied me,” you are not enough matured to know the answer; kid”. These are among those sort of saying that makes a burn in the skin and heart as well. I stared a long towards him and suddenly get the catches. Yes there were not a single catch there were several catches I could realize. One of the catch was “The truth will be burning”. 2nd catch was; wise man thinks that I have not that much patience to learn about it. The 3rd catch was I have to work by my own to search for the truth. Another catch was I have to take pressure and load when the truth will be unveiled. As I knew wise man, I could get all those catches he threw. From the very beginning of civilization; people learnt to think first. They use to seat looking at the sky for whole day and night by opening their mouth. Their job was to think about the logic of the anti logic those used to be practiced in our society. Such as; people use to think that world is flat and this thought was a belief as deep as the beliefs of religion in some communities. This was a normal and logical thought of those times. The thinker then gave their logic that,” The world is not flat, it is round”. Normally people use to get anxious of losing their god and they became angry on the thinker who said the world is round. These sayings became anti logic and the thinker was treated as mad and behaved very brutally some times. These people were the 1st generation people of starting of civilization. They were great philosophers and we may know some names too. Alas they were the blessed people of nature. It’s another rule it has been discovered since the starting of civilization that these blessed people are treated very brutally yet of their contribution towards the prosperity in the history of the world. This was the reason people had a thought that nature doesn’t unveil the truth of it’s secrete. This is a proven logic. This is the reason the blessed people were behaved very brutally in the society in the most of the times. This became the father of the demon for the reason. This is one logic. At the same time nature gave rewards who unveil the natural truth after a particular time period. They became the stars of the time. They had the endless life. They became the honorable. They rewarded same as a good son get received what he demanded after doing the good job. They became the blessed people as the son of a good mother. So we can see the nature wants to unveil it’s secrete. For the 2nd generation or the generation of prophets and religious persons we may see the same result. These prophets, blessed and religious people were behaved the same also. First the pain then the gain. The 3rd generation also did the same. After end of coming all prophets and religious people; the scientist, novelist, painter, writers, players are coming as the blessed people of the mankind. But they had to do this too. It PAIN & GAIN. This is very interesting logic nature had set up for us. This is the rule we call it balance. Some people will say it hypothetical. Some will say necessity. The experienced says “NO pain , No gain” My question is why? Because pain give birth of angel and gain give birth of demon. Who are the mother and father of next demon and angel. Did we ever think that this is the thing that gives birth of racism, harms the communal harmony? Written by, Sahriar Ahamed Cell: +01834529357 sahriarahamed@yahoo.com Mirpur-1, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Alternative and renewable energy by power of WIND

Hybrid PV-Wind systems There are some places where wind speeds are often low in periods when the sun resources are at their best. On the other hand, the wind is often stronger in seasons when there are less sun resources. That can make solar PV-wind hybrid solutions an alternative to consider. Even during the same day, in many regions worldwide or in some periods of the year, there are different and opposite wind and solar resource patterns. And those different patterns can make the hybrid systems the best option for electricity production. Hybrid PV-Wind system is the combination of PV and wind turbine for the generation of electricity. Picture: Hybrid PV-Wind systems Grid-connected PV systems DC power generated by PV is converted into AC and is supplied to the national grid. Energy storage is not necessary in this case. On sunny days, the solar generator provides power, e.g., for the electrical appliances in the house. Excess energy is supplied to the national grid. During the night and overcast days, the house draws its power from the grid. In this way, the electricity grid can be regarded as a large “storage unit”. In the case of a favorable rate-based tariff for PV electricity, as in force in some countries, it is more advantageous to feed all solar electricity into the grid. Grid-connected PV systems can be subdivided into two kinds: Decentralized Grid-connected PV systems: Decentralized Grid-connected PV systems have mostly a small power range and are installed on the roof-top of buildings (roof-top or flat-roof installation) or integrated into building facades. For example, in Germany around 80% of the more than 50,000 existing grid-connected PV systems are installed either on the roof-top of a building or integrated into a building façade. The benefit of the installation of a PV system into or onto a building is that no separate area for the solar generator is needed. Centralized Grid-connected PV systems: Central Grid-connected PV systems have an installed power up to MW range. With such central photovoltaic power stations it is possible to feed directly into the medium or high voltage grid. Mostly central photovoltaic power stations are set on unused land, but in some cases an installation on buildings, mostly on the flat roof of greater buildings, is also possible. Single phase less than or equal to 25kW. Three phase less than or equal to 300kW. Grid-connected PV System can also be classified according to size : Small – Power from 1 to 10 kWp. Typical applications are: rooftops of private houses, school buildings, car parks etc. Medium size – Power from 10 kWp to some hundred of kWp. These kind of systems can be found in what are called building integrated PV (BIPV) systems, in roofs or facades. They may operate at higher voltages than smaller systems. Large size – Power from 500 kWp to MWp range, centralized systems. Picture: Grid-connected PV Systems (a) Decentralized (b) Centralized These systems are normally operated by electric companies. In general a grid-connected PV system consists of the following two main components: 1) PV Module; 2) Inverter The complete system consists of a support structure, cabling, and other conventional components. Besides the modules, the most important part of a system is the inverter. Inverters for Grid-connected PV power systems can be subdivided into the following classes; a) Line-commutated grid-connected inverter; b)Self-commutated grid-connected inverter. Line-commutated grid-connected inverter: In this inverter the AC output generated is dependent on the utility interconnection. The system will not work if the utility interconnection is lacking (e.g. during grid black-out). This system is able to feed the grid only. Self-commutated grid-connected inverter: In self-commutated inverter, the AC output generated is independent of any utility interconnection. Thus this system can operate in the stand-alone mode. Picture: Line-commutated Grid-connected PV power system Written by: Sahriar Ahamed Mirpur1, Dhaka, Bangladesh